Tabbatar da Simulashin Hasken Wucin Gadi a CODYRUN: Aiwatar da Gwajin CIE

1. Gabatarwa

Wannan takarda ta gabatar da binciken tabbatar da iyawar simulashin hasken wucin gadi a cikin software CODYRUN, kayan aikin lissafi don simulashin iska da zafi a gine-gine wanda Laboratory of Building Physics and Systems (L.P.B.S) suka haɓaka. An fara binciken don tantance amincin software ɗin wajen yin simulashin wannan takamaiman al'amari na zahiri, da nufin gano iyakokinsa da yuwuwar haɓakawa. Tabbatarwar tana amfani da gwaje-gwaje (musamman al'amura 1 da 3) waɗanda Task-3 TC-33 na Hukumar Duniya ta Haskakawa (CIE) suka haɓaka, wanda ke ba da hanyoyin daidaitattun don kimanta software ɗin simulashin haske.

2. Sabon Tsarin Sauƙaƙa don Lissafin Hasken Cikin Gida

Don ƙayyadaddun ƙididdigar hasken cikin gida, CODYRUN tana haɗa da wasu tsare-tsare masu haɗaka waɗanda ke lissafin sassan hasken wucin gadi kai tsaye da na watsawa. Sabon tsarin sauƙaƙa da aka gabatar yana kama da waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin software ɗin ƙira haske kamar DIALux da CALCULUX.

2.1 Hasashen Simulashin a CODYRUN

Tsarin yana aiki ƙarƙashin wasu mahimman zato: ana ɗaukar watsawar haske a matsayin Lambertian (daidai a kowane bangare); ana siffanta fitilun da bayanan hoto da masana'anta suka bayar kuma ana rage su zuwa tushen batu a tsakiyar nauyinsu; kuma babu cikas tsakanin tushen haske da wurin da aka haskaka akan filin aiki.

2.2 Sashen Kai Tsaye na Hasken (daga Tushen Hasken Wucin Gadi)

Ana ƙididdige hasken kai tsaye a wani batu akan filin aiki bisa ga tsarin tushen da kusurwar da aka yi a wurin da aka haskaka dangane da tushen. Hoto na 1 yana kwatanta wannan ra'ayi, yana nuna yaduwar haske daga tushen da aka ɗora a rufi zuwa wani batu akan filin aiki.

2.3 Sashen Watsawa na Hasken (daga Juyawa a Cikin Gida)

Bangaren watsawa ya samo asali ne daga juyawar hasken kai tsaye daga saman bangon ɗaki (bango, rufi, bene). Wannan bangaren ya dogara da yanayin nunawa (launi) na waɗannan saman. Tsarin CODYRUN yana ƙididdige wannan ta hanyar auna ma'aunin hasken kai tsaye da matsakaicin ma'aunin nunawa na bangon ciki, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a Hoto na 2.

3. Babban Fahimta: Ra'ayin Mai Bincike

Babban Fahimta: Wannan aikin yana wakiltar hanya mai ma'ana, mai mai da hankali kan injiniyanci don tabbatarwa, yana ba da fifikon ingantaccen lissafi da haɗawa cikin dandamali na zahiri da yawa (CODYRUN) fiye da neman mafi girman daidaiton zahiri. Zaɓin tsarin sauƙaƙa, mai cikakken bayani fiye da hanyoyin da suka fi ƙarfi kamar Radiosity ko Ray Tracing shine ciniki na dabara.

Tsarin Hankali: Hankalin takardar yana da madaidaiciya kuma yana da kariya: 1) Gano gibi (rashin tabbatar da haske a cikin na'urar simulashin zafi). 2) Karɓi/haɓaka tsarin sauƙi mai dacewa don haɗawa. 3) Tabbatar da shi da ma'auni na masana'antu (gwajin CIE). Wannan shine aikin V&V na software na gargajiya (Tabbatarwa & Tabbatarwa), mai kama da hanyoyin da aka tattauna a cikin ASHRAE Standard 140 ko hanyoyin BESTEST don simulashin makamashin gini.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Babban ƙarfin shine haɗawa kanta. Haɗa haske tare da simulashin zafi da kwararar iska yana da mahimmanci don cikakken nazarin aikin gini, yana tasiri amfani da makamashi don haske da sanyaya. Yin amfani da ma'auni na CIE yana ƙara aminci. Babban aibi, wanda marubutan suka yarda da shi ta hanyar kiran tsarin "sauƙaƙa," shine sauƙaƙa mai mahimmanci na ilimin kimiyyar lissafi. Rage hadaddun fitilun zuwa tushen batu da amfani da hanyar matsakaicin ma'auni don juyawa (mai kama da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun siffa) ba makawa zai haifar da kurakurai a cikin hadaddun wurare, marasa watsawa, ko masu cikas. Wannan ya bambanta sosai da ingantattun fasahohin, na zahiri da ake amfani da su a cikin binciken zane na kwamfuta, kamar waɗanda aka gina akan Babban Lissafin Rendering na Kajiya.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Ga masu aiki, wannan kayan aiki yana da mahimmanci don binciken ƙira na farko, na kwatankwacinsa inda sauri ke da mahimmanci. Duk da haka, don cikakkiyar ƙira haske da dacewa ko cikakken nazarin jin daɗin gani, keɓaɓɓen software na haske (misali, kayan aikin Radiance) ya kasance mahimmanci. Hanyar gaba a bayyane take: tsarin yana aiki azaman tushe mai kyau. Mataki na gaba ya kamata ya zama hanya mai matakai—yin amfani da tsarin sauƙi don maimaitawa cikin sauri da haifar da mafi daidaiton lissafin Radiosity ko taswirar photon (kamar waɗanda ke cikin rukunin Radiance na buɗe ido) don ra'ayoyi masu mahimmanci ko tabbatarwa na ƙarshe, ƙirƙirar yanayin simulashin haɗakar daidaito da yawa.

4. Cikakkun Bayanai na Fasaha da Tsarin Lissafi

Babban lissafin, kamar yadda takardar ta nuna, ya ƙunshi haɗa sassan kai tsaye da na watsawa. Hasken kai tsaye $E_{direct}$ a wani batu yana ƙarƙashin dokar murabba'i mai jujjuyawa da cosine na kusurwar faɗuwa, wanda aka samo daga ƙarfin hasken tushen $I(\theta)$ da fayil ɗin hotonsa ya bayar:

$E_{direct} = \frac{I(\theta) \cdot \cos(\alpha)}{d^2}$

inda $d$ shine nisa daga tushen batu zuwa wurin da aka haskaka, kuma $\alpha$ shine kusurwa tsakanin alkiblar haske da al'ada na saman.

Ana ƙiyasin hasken watsawa $E_{diffuse}$ a matsayin aiki na bangaren kai tsaye da nunawar saman ɗakin. Hanyar sauƙaƙa ta gama gari (wacce aka nuna ta hanyar "auna") ita ce amfani da matsakaicin nunawa $\rho_{avg}$ da ma'aunin juyawa, wanda sau da yawa ana samunsa daga "hanyar lumen" ko ƙayyadaddun siffa masu sauƙi:

$E_{diffuse} \approx E_{direct} \cdot \frac{\rho_{avg}}{1 - \rho_{avg}}$ (ko wani tsari mai kama da lissafin ginin ɗaki).

Jimillar hasken $E_{total}$ shine: $E_{total} = E_{direct} + E_{diffuse}$.

5. Sakamakon Gwaji da Bayanin Chati

Takardar tana amfani da gwajin CIE (Al'amura 1 & 3 daga TC-3-33) zuwa CODYRUN. Yayin da ba a bayyana takamaiman sakamakon lambobi ba a cikin abin da aka samo, manufar irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen shine a kwatanta ƙimar hasken da software ɗin ya ƙididdige a takamaiman wuraren grid da ƙimar tunani ko sakamako daga wasu software ɗin da aka tabbatar.

Hoto 1: Tushen Hasken Kai Tsaye – Wannan zane yana nuna ɓangaren ɗaki mai sauƙi. An nuna tushen hasken batu akan rufi. Layi madaidaici (ray) yana haɗa wannan tushen zuwa takamaiman batu akan filin aiki a kwance (misali, tebur). An nuna kusurwar faɗuwa. Wannan adadi yana bayyana ma'auni (nisa, kusurwa) da aka yi amfani da su a cikin lissafin hasken kai tsaye.

Hoto 2: Hasken Watsawa – Wannan zane yana kwatanta ra'ayin juyawa. Yana iya nuna ɗaki ɗaya, amma yanzu tare da kibau da yawa suna billa tsakanin bango, rufi, da bene kafin su isa wurin filin aiki. Wannan yana wakiltar bangaren watsawa wanda baya zuwa kai tsaye daga tushen amma daga nunawa, yana mai da hankali kan dogaronsa ga launukan saman (nunawa).

6. Tsarin Nazari: Misalin Hali

Hali: Kimanta aikin haske da tasirin nauyin sanyaya da ke da alaƙa na canzawa daga fitilun fluorescent zuwa allunan LED a cikin daidaitaccen ɗakin ofis na 5m x 5m x 3m.

Aiwatar da Tsarin ta amfani da Tsarin CODYRUN:

1. Ma'anar Shigarwa: Ƙirƙiri bambance-bambancen samfuri biyu a CODYRUN. Bambancin A: Yi amfani da bayanan hoto (fayil ɗin IES/LDT) don fitilar fluorescent da ke akwai. Bambancin B: Yi amfani da bayanan hoto don allon LED da aka tsara. Ayyana tsayin filin aiki ɗaya (0.75m) da grid na wuraren lissafi.
2. Aiwar Simulashin: Gudanar da simulashin haske don duka bambance-bambancen. Tsarin sauƙaƙa zai ƙididdige $E_{total}$ a kowane wurin grid. A lokaci guda, injin zafin CODYRUN zai ƙididdige ribar zafi daga tsarin haske (bisa wattage da ɓangaren haske).
3. Nazari:
   • Ma'aunin Hasken: Kwatanta matsakaicin haske, ma'aunin daidaito (ƙananan/matsakaici), da bin ka'idoji kamar EN 12464-1.
   • Tasirin Makamashi: Kwatanta yawan ƙarfin haske (LPD).
   • Tasirin Zafi: Nazari bambancin a cikin nauyin sanyaya mai hankali saboda canjin ribar zafin haske.
4. Binciken Tabbatarwa: Don mahimman wurare (misali, ƙarƙashin taga, a kusurwa), duba ƙimar haske da saurin lissafi ta amfani da DIALux ko dabara na hannu don auna kuskuren da sauƙaƙa ya haifar.

Wannan cikakken bincike, yayin da yake kusan, yana ba da ƙima mai sauri, simulashin haɗin gwiwa na tasirin canjin ƙira na yanki da yawa.

7. Duban Aikace-aikace da Hanyoyin Gaba

Haɗa simulashin haske cikin kayan aikin aikin gini gabaɗaya kamar CODYRUN yana buɗe hanyoyi da yawa na gaba:

• Hasken Rana da Hasken Wucin Gadi Haɗakar Gudanarwa: Mataki na gaba na hankali shine haɗa ingantaccen samfurin hasken rana (misali, bisa samfurin sararin sama na Perez). Wannan zai ba da damar simulashin dabarun sarrafa fitilun lantarki bisa ga hasken rana da ake da shi, wanda ke da mahimmanci don hasashen ceton makamashi na ainihi.
• Jin Dadi na Gani da Tasirin da ba na Gani ba: Matsawa bayan sauƙin haske don hasashen ma'auni kamar Yiwuwar Haske na Rana (DGP), Ƙimar Haske Haɗin kai (UGR), da motsi na circadian. Wannan ya yi daidai da ƙaruwar mayar da hankali kan lafiya da jin daɗi a cikin gine-gine, kamar yadda ake gani a cikin Ma'aunin Ginin WELL.
• Ma'aunin Aminci na Samfuri: Haɓaka tsarin simulashin daidaitawa inda matakin cikakkun bayanai a cikin samfurin haske ya daidaita bisa matakin nazari—samfuran sauƙi don binciken ƙira, da haifar da atomatik na ingantaccen simulashin Radiance don tabbatar da ƙira na ƙarshe.
• Haɗawa tare da BIM da Gudanarwa na Lokaci Gaskiya: Yin amfani da ainihin simulashin don sanar da tsarin gudanar da gini na ainihi (BMS) ko don samar da bayanai don horar da samfuran koyon injina don sarrafa haske mai hasashe.

8. Nassoshi

1. Software CODYRUN. Laboratory of Building Physics and Systems (L.P.B.S).
2. CIE. (Shekara). Gwaje-gwaje don Kimanta Software Hasken. Hukumar Duniya ta Haskakawa, Kwamitin Fasaha TC-3-33.
3. Reinhart, C. F. (2014). Littafin Hasken Rana I & II. Building Technology Press.
4. Kajiya, J. T. (1986). Lissafin Rendering. ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics, 20(4), 143–150.
5. DIALux. DIAL GmbH.
6. CALCULUX. Philips Lighting (Signify).
7. ASHRAE. (2019). Standard 140-2017, Hanyar Gwaji na Daidaitawa don Kimanta Shirye-shiryen Binciken Makamashin Gini na Kwamfuta.
8. Ward, G. J. (1994). Tsarin simulashin haske da tsarin saka gudu na RADIANCE. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques (SIGGRAPH '94), 459–472.