Wannan binciken yana bincika muhimmiyar rawar ingancin haske, musamman fitowar haske daga Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) sabanin bututun fluorescent na gargajiya, akan yaduwar in vitro na Rebutia heliosa, nau'in cactus mai daraja ta kasuwanci. Binciken ya nuna cewa takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa suna daidaita hanyoyin ci gaba masu mahimmanci—rhizogenesis (samuwar tushen), caulogenesis (samuwar harbe), da callusogenesis (samuwar ƙwayoyin sel marasa rarrabuwa)—yana ba da hanya mai niyya don inganta ka'idojin micropropagation.
Yaduwar cactus na gargajiya sau da yawa yana jinkiri kuma ba shi da inganci. Dabarun In vitro suna gabatar da mafita, amma nasararsu ta dogara sosai akan ingantaccen sarrafa muhalli, tare da haske kasancewa babban abin da ya wuce sauƙaƙan lokacin haske da ƙarfi.
An samo explants daga ƙananan shuke-shuken R. heliosa. An yi amfani da nau'ikan guda biyu: (1) buds da (2) sassan juzu'i da aka yanka daga ƙananan mai tushe ('zagaye'). Wannan ya ba da damar binciken don lura da sake haɓakawa daga kyallen takarda na meristematic da parenchymatous.
An yi amfani da ingantaccen tsari, maras phytoregulator don ware tasirin haske. Tushen ya ƙunshi:
Rashin masu sarrafa girma kamar auxins ko cytokinins shine zaɓin ƙira mai mahimmanci, yana tilasta explants su dogara da hormones na ciki waɗanda haɗakar su ko siginar na iya canzawa ta hanyar haske.
Mabambanci shine tushen haske, wanda aka ba da shi a ƙarfin dindindin na 1000 lux na kwanaki 90.
An yi amfani da daidaitattun bututun fluorescent fari, suna fitar da faffadan bakan, azaman sarrafa gargajiya wanda aka kwatanta tasirin LED na monochromatic da shi.
Babban Bincike: An ɗauki hasken bututun fluorescent ya fi dacewa don gabaɗayan morphogenesis na R. heliosa vitroplants, mai yiwuwa saboda daidaitaccen fitowar sa mai faɗi wanda ke kwaikwayi mafi yanayin haske na halitta, yana haɓaka girma na gabaɗaya, mai tsari.
Binciken ya bayyana bayyanannen rarrabuwar ayyukan sake haɓakawa:
Lokacin lura na kwanaki 90 ya rubuta bambancin amsa. Duk da yake takamaiman ma'auni na ƙididdiga (misali, ƙidaya tushen, tsayin harbe, nauyin callus) ba a yi cikakken bayani a cikin taƙaitaccen bayani ba, ƙarshen kwatancen ya dogara ne akan alamu masu mahimmanci na ƙididdiga da aka lura a cikin waɗannan ma'auni a cikin ƙungiyoyin magani.
Dangane da binciken da aka bayyana, ginshiƙi mai wakilci zai nuna:
Bakan haske ba don haskakawa kawai ba ne; ana iya amfani da shi azaman "mabuɗi" mara kutsawa, maras sinadari don jagorantar ci gaban kyallen takarda na shuka zuwa takamaiman sakamako (tushen vs. harbe vs. callus).
Irin launi ɗaya (misali, "fari" ko "rawaya") na iya samun tasirin halittu daban-daban dangane da fasahar da ke ƙasa (gaurayawan LED phosphor vs. fitar da iskar gas fluorescent), yana mai da hankali kan buƙatar ƙayyadaddun rarraba ƙarfin bakan.
Don micropropagation na kasuwanci na R. heliosa, an ba da shawarar ka'idar haske mai matakai: yi amfani da hasken fluorescent don fara girma na gabaɗaya, sannan canza zuwa LED ja/kore don haɓaka ci gaban tushen da harbe yayin lokacin ninkawa.
Ana iya ƙirƙira tasirin photobiological ta hanyar la'akari da bakan shan abinci na manyan masu karɓar hoto (misali, phytochromes, cryptochromes, phototropins) da bakan fitarwa na tushen haske. Ƙimar photon mai tasiri ($P_{eff}$) da ke tafiyar da takamaiman amsa na morphogenic ana iya kiyasta ta:
$P_{eff} = \int_{\lambda_{min}}^{\lambda_{max}} E(\lambda) \cdot A(\lambda) \, d\lambda$
Inda:
$E(\lambda)$ shine yawan photon na bakan na tushen haske (µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ nm⁻¹).
$A(\lambda)$ shine bakan aiki (ingantacciyar tasiri) don takamaiman amsar hoto (misali, rhizogenesis).
Wannan binciken yana taswira $A(\lambda)$ don sake haɓakawa na R. heliosa ta hanyar gwada madaidaitan kololuwar $E(\lambda)$ daga LEDs.
Amfani da tsari maras phytoregulator yana sauƙaƙa tsarin zuwa: Bakan Haske → Kunna Mai Karɓar Hoto → Daidaita Hormone na Ciki → Fitowar Morphogenic.
Tsari: Hanya mai tsari don ƙirƙira gwaje-gwajen haske na al'adar nama na shuka.
Misalin Shari'ar Ba Code ba: Wani gandun daji yana son inganta daidaitawar ex vitro na orchids da aka yada ta micropropagation, waɗanda sau da yawa ke fama da rashin ingantaccen tushen. Aiwatar da wannan tsarin: (1) Manufa = haɓaka ci gaban tushen yayin matakin ƙarshe na in vitro. (2) Hasashe = Hasken ja yana haɓaka rhizogenesis ta hanyar phytochrome. (3) Maganin = Makonni 2 na ƙarshe na al'ada a ƙarƙashin 670nm Red LED vs. daidaitaccen fluorescent fari. (4) Sarrafawa = PPFD ɗaya da lokacin hoto na 16h. (5) Ma'auni = Lambar tushen, tsayi, da adadin rayuwa bayan dasa.
Wannan takarda ba game da noman cactus mafi kyau kawai ba ne; yana da daraja a cikin rushe haske azaman shigarwa mai hankali, mai shirye-shirye don shirye-shiryen tantanin halitta. Marubutan sun yi aiki mai inganci na "ganowa-na-aiki" ta amfani da LEDs na monochromatic, suna taswira takamaiman tsayin raƙuman ruwa—470nm (blue), 540nm (kore), 670nm (ja)—akan fitattun fitattun morphogenic a cikin tsarin da aka cire hayaniyar hormone na waje. Binciken da ya fi tayar da hankali ba shine wane launi ya yi nasara ba, amma bambance-bambancen aiki mai bayyanawa tsakanin fasahohin haske. Gaskiyar cewa hasken "fari" daga bututun fluorescent da LED fari (kololuwar 510nm) suna haifar da sakamako na halittu daban-daban wani muhimmin bayani ne, wanda sau da yawa ake watsi da shi, wanda ke raunana duk wani sauƙaƙan nazarin "launi vs. launi" kuma yana tilasta mu yi tunani dangane da rarraba ƙarfin bakan (SPD).
Hankalin gwaji yana da tsafta mai ban sha'awa: 1) Cire hormones na shuka na roba (auxins/cytokinins) don tilasta dogaro da siginar ciki. 2) Aiwatar da abubuwan kunnawa na bakan tsantsa (LEDs). 3) Lura da waɗanne hanyoyin ci gaba aka kunna. Kwararar daga shigarwar bakan → canjin yanayin mai karɓar hoto → canjin daidaiton hormone na ciki/trafik → fitowar halayen an nuna shi da ƙarfi. Sakamakon ya dace da samfuran da aka sani: haɓakar rhizogenesis da caulogenesis na hasken ja amsa ce ta littafin karatu da phytochrome B ke tsaka-tsaki, mai yiwuwa yana danne fifikon apical na harbe da haɓaka jigilar auxin don fara tushen, kamar yadda aka yi cikakken bayani a cikin ayyukan asali na Folta & Carvalho (2015). Haɓakar callus ta hanyar hasken rawaya/fari na fluorescent ya fi sabon abu kuma yana iya haɗawa da danne cryptochrome-mediated na rarrabuwa ko takamaiman amsa ga wannan bakan.
Ƙarfi: Ƙarfin binciken yana cikin bayyananniyar tsaftar sa. Yin amfani da tsari maras phytoregulator zaɓi ne mai ƙarfi da hankali wanda ke ware bambancin haske tare da daidaitaccen tiyata. Tsarin lokacin kwanaki 90 ya dace don lura da cacti masu jinkirin girma. Kwatanta fasahohin haske guda biyu daban-daban (LED mai kunkuntar bandeji vs. fluorescent mai faɗi) yana ƙara dacewa na aiki don karɓar masana'antu.
Kurakurai Masu Muhimmanci: Rashin ƙarfin ƙididdiga na taƙaitaccen bayani babban rauni ne. Bayyana cewa haske ɗaya "yana fifita" tsari ba shi da ma'ana ba tare da goyan bayan bayanai ba: da kashi nawa? Tare da mahimmanci na ƙididdiga (p-darajar)? Menene girman samfurin? Wannan gibi ya bar ƙarshen yana jin labari. Bugu da ƙari, auna haske kawai a cikin lux babban zunubi ne na hanyoyin aiki a cikin ilimin hoto. Lux naúrar hangen nesa ne na ɗan adam, ba karɓar hoto na shuka ba. Daidaitaccen ma'auni shine Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD a cikin µmol m⁻² s⁻¹) a cikin kewayon 400-700nm. Yin amfani da lux yana sa kwafin ƙarfin haske na gwajin kusan ba zai yiwu ba, saboda ma'aunin juyawa ya bambanta da ban mamaki tare da bakan. Wannan kuskuren asali ne wanda ke raunana ƙarfin kimiyya, kamar yadda aka jaddada a cikin ka'idojin binciken hasken shuka na NASA.
Ga dakunan micropropagation na kasuwanci, abin da za a ɗauka shine daina ɗaukar haske azaman amfani kuma fara ɗaukarsa azaman reagent. ROI ba kawai a cikin tanadin makamashi daga LEDs (wanda yake da girma) ba ne, amma a cikin ƙarin sarrafa tsari da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Ka'idar mataki nan da nan tana aiki: yi amfani da fluorescents masu arha, masu faɗi don matakin kafawa na farko na al'ada don ƙarfafa morphogenesis na gabaɗaya, sannan canza zuwa tsararrun LED da aka yi niyya (ja/kore don ninkawa, takamaiman rabo blue/ja don tushen) yayin mahimman matakan sake haɓakawa don haɓakawa da daidaita samarwa. Ga masu bincike, wannan aikin yana ba da samfuri mai bayyanawa amma dole ne a sake gina shi tare da ingantattun ma'auni na radiometric (PPFD) da ingantaccen nazarin ƙididdiga. Mataki na gaba shine haɗa wannan bayanan halayen tare da nazarin rubutu don gina hanyar sadarwar kwayoyin halitta da ke ƙarƙashin wannan sarrafa bakan, motsawa daga haɗin kai zuwa dalilin injiniya.
A zahiri, Vidican et al. sun ba da taswirar tabbatar da ra'ayi mai gamsarwa. Yanzu ya rage ga duka masana'antu da ilimi su bincika yankin tare da mafi ingantattun kayan aiki.