Binciken Yiwuwar: Canza Asarar Zafi na LED zuwa Haske ta Hanyar Na'urorin Thermoelectric

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1. Gabatarwa & Bayyani

Wannan takarda tana binciken wata sabuwar hanya don haɓaka ingancin gabaɗaya na tsarin hasken LED (Light Emitting Diode) mai ƙarfi. Duk da cewa LED suna da inganci sosai idan aka kwatanta da tushen haske na gargajiya, yawancin wutar lantarki da ake shigar (60-70%) har yanzu ana ɓata su azaman zafi. Babban sabon abu da ake ba da shawara shi ne amfani da wannan zafin da ake ɓata, ba don sanyaya kawai ba, amma a matsayin tushen makamashi. Ta hanyar haɗa na'urorin janareta na thermoelectric (TEG) da suka dogara da tasirin Seebeck, ana canza bambancin zafi a kan mai sanyaya zafin LED zuwa wutar lantarki, wanda ake amfani dashi don kunna ƙarin LED, ta haka ne ake "sake yin amfani" da asarar zuwa ƙarfin haske mai amfani.

2. Babban Ra'ayi & Dalili

Aikin farko na LED shi ne samar da haske. Saboda haka, kowane tsarin da ke canza asarar makamashi (zafi, a wannan yanayin) zuwa haske kai tsaye yana ƙara ingancin hasken tsarin. Sabanin amfanin gama-gari na na'urorin Peltier don sanyaya mai aiki a cikin tsarin LED [1-6], wannan aikin yana sake amfani da su azaman masu tattara makamashi. Binciken ya mayar da hankali kan LED mai ƙarfi na Chip-on-Board (COB) (Bridgelux BXRA-W3500) don nuna yuwuwar wannan ra'ayi.

3. Tsarin Zafi & Kwaikwayo

Ingantaccen tsarin zafi yana da mahimmanci don hasashen makamashin da ake samu don canzawa. Binciken yana amfani da software na COMSOL Multiphysics don kwaikwayi canja wurin zafi daga haɗin LED ta hanyar sassa daban-daban zuwa iskar da ke kewaye.

3.1 Binciken Hanyar Sadarwar Zafi

Ana amfani da ƙayyadaddun tsarin hanyar sadarwar juriya na zafi don bincika kwararar zafi, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1 na PDF. Maɓuɓɓukan sigogi sune:

• $Q$: Kwararar zafi daga zafi zuwa sanyi.
• $T_j$, $T_c$, $T_h$, $T_{amb}$: Yanayin zafi a haɗin gwiwa, akwati, abin da aka makala mai sanyaya zafi, da kuma yanayin kewaye, bi da bi.
• $R_{\theta jc}$, $R_{\theta ch}$, $R_{\theta ha}$: Juriyar zafi tsakanin waɗannan wuraren.

Ana ba da juriyar gabaɗaya daga haɗin gwiwa zuwa yanayin kewaye ta:

$R_{\theta, J-amb} = \frac{T_j - T_{amb}}{P_d}$     [1]

Kuma ana iya rarraba shi kamar haka:

$R_{\theta, j-amb} = R_{\theta, j-c} + R_{\theta, c-h} + R_{\theta, h-amb}$     [2]

Inda $P_d$ shine ƙarfin da aka ɓata. Rage waɗannan juriyoyin yana da mahimmanci don samar da isasshen bambancin yanayin zafi ($\Delta T$) a kan TEG.

3.2 Sakamakon Kwaikwayon COMSOL

Kwaikwayoyin sun kwatanta yanayin zafi na tsarin LED tare da ko ba tare da haɗaɗɗen na'urar thermoelectric ba (Hoto na 2 a cikin PDF). Samfurin tare da TEG ya nuna hanyar kwararar zafi da aka gyara, yana tabbatar da cewa za a iya katse wani ɓangare na makamashin zafi kuma a canza shi kafin a ɓata shi zuwa mai sanyaya zafi da iskar kewaye. Wannan ya tabbatar da tsarin shimfiɗa da yuwuwar TEG.

4. Tsarin Gwaji & Sakamako

An tabbatar da ƙirar ka'idar ta hanyar ƙirar zahiri.

4.1 Samfuri tare da TEG Guda

Samfurin farko (Hoto na 3 a cikin PDF) ya ƙunshi Bridgelux LED, TEG guda ɗaya, da mai sanyaya zafi. Ya yi nasarar samar da fitowar wutar lantarki daga zafin da ake ɓata na LED: $V = 1V$, $I = 300mA$. Duk da haka, wannan ƙarfin lantarki ya kasance ƙasa da ƙarfin lantarki na gaba (yawanci ~1.6V) da ake buƙata don haskaka LED ja na yau da kullun, yana nuna babban ƙalubale: cimma isasshen $\Delta T$ don matakan ƙarfin lantarki masu amfani.

4.2 Samfuri tare da TEG Biyu a Jere

Don shawo kan iyakacin ƙarfin lantarki, an ƙara TEG na biyu a jere tare da na farko. Wannan tsari ya ƙara jimlar ƙarfin lantarki na buɗe kewayawa, yana ba da damar haskaka LED na taimako cikin nasara. Wannan gwajin ya tabbatar da ainihin yuwuwar: za a iya canza makamashin zafi da ake ɓata daga babban LED zuwa wutar lantarki don samar da ƙarin haske.

5. Binciken Fasaha & Tsari

Babban Fahimta: Wannan takarda ba game da ƙaramin ci gaba ba ne; ƙalubale ne na tushe ga falsafar ƙira na photonics mai ƙarfi. Sha'awar masana'antu game da sarrafa zafi ya kasance kariya kawai—nutse da zafi don kare LED. Wannan binciken ya juyar da rubutun, yana ba da shawarar dabarar kai hari: amfani da bambancin zafi azaman makami. Yana ɗaukar alamar zafin LED ba a matsayin abin alhaki ba amma a matsayin babban bas na wutar lantarki na biyu, mai cutarwa. Ainihin sabon abu shine haɗin ra'ayi na tsarin haɗakar zafi da wutar lantarki (CHP) a cikin ma'aunin micro a cikin kayan haske guda ɗaya.

Kwararar Ma'ana: Ma'ana tana da layi mai kyau amma tana bayyana gaskiya mai tsanani. 1) LED suna ɓata 60-70% na makamashi azaman zafi. 2) Thermoelectrics suna canza bambance-bambancen zafi zuwa wutar lantarki. 3) Saboda haka, ɗaura TEG zuwa LED. Duk da haka, kwararar ta yi tuntuɓe a canjin ingancin makamashi. Tasirin Seebeck sanannen rashin inganci ne (sau da yawa <5% don irin wannan ƙananan $\Delta T$). Sakamakon gwajin takardar (1V, 300mA daga LED mai daidaitaccen 64W) ya bayyana lissafin m: ƙarfin wutar lantarki da aka dawo da shi ɗan ƙaramin ɓangare ne na asarar zafi. "Yiwuwar" da aka nuna ya fi na thermodynamic fiye da na tattalin arziki.

Ƙarfi & Kurakurai: Ƙarfinsa shine tsarinsa na hangen nesa, tsarin da ya haɗa sassa daban-daban, haɗa hasken ƙwaƙƙwaran jiki da tattara makamashi—haɗin gwiwa da ake tattaunawa a cikin ka'ida (misali, a cikin bita daga shirin R&D na hasken Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka) amma da wuya a aiwatar da shi. Tabbacin gwajin gwaji a bayyane yake. Kuskuren fatal shine rashin daidaiton yanzu a cikin yawan makamashi. Yawan ƙarfin ƙarfin kwararar zafi na LED mai ƙarfi yana da girma, amma ingancin canjin na'urorin TEG masu araha, na yanayin daki (kamar na'urorin Bi2Te3) yana da ƙarancin ƙasa sosai. Ƙarin farashi, rikitarwa, da yuwuwar matsalolin amincin TEG da kewayen sarrafa wutar lantarki ƙila ba za a taɓa tabbatar da su ta hanyar ƙaramin hasken da aka sake yin amfani da shi ba. Yana da haɗarin zama mafita mai "wayo" a neman matsala mai yuwuwa.

Fahimta Mai Aiki: Don wannan ya wuce sha'awar dakin gwaje-gwaje, dole ne bincike ya juya. 1) Iyakar Kayan: Dole ne mayar da hankali zuwa sabbin kayan thermoelectric (misali, skutterudites, rabin-Heuslers) ko abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na nanostructured waɗanda ke yin alƙawarin mafi girman ƙimar ZT a kusa da bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi na ɗaki, kamar yadda aka bincika a cikin mujallu na kayan ci gaba. 2) Haɗin Tsarin: Ba za a iya ƙulla LED da TEG ba. Muna buƙatar ƙira guda ɗaya—fakitin LED da aka ƙera tun daga tushe tare da haɗaɗɗun tsarin thermoelectric, inganta duka fitarwar photon da tattara phonon. 3) Farko na Musamman: Manufar aikace-aikacen inda zafi hakika "kyauta" ne kuma mai mahimmanci, kuma inganci ya fi farashi. Yi tunanin jiragen sama ko na ƙarƙashin ruwa inda kowane watt na kayan aikin lantarki da aka adana yake da mahimmanci, kuma zafin da ake ɓata yana da yawa. Kasuwar hasken kasuwanci mai faɗi za ta ci gaba da kasancewa ba ta isa ba har sai ainihin thermodynamics ya inganta da tsari guda.

Misalin Tsarin Bincike

Harka: Kimanta Yiwuwar Hasken Tituna
Mataki na 1 - Binciken Makamashi: Fitilar titi ta LED 150W tana ɓata ~100W azaman zafi. Yi la'akari da $\Delta T$ na 40°C a kan mai sanyaya zafi.
Mataki na 2 - Taswirar Ayyukan TEG: Ta amfani da takardar bayanan TEG na yau da kullun (misali, TEC1-12706), madaidaicin Seebeck $\alpha$ ~ 0.05 V/K. Ka'idar $V_{oc} = \alpha \cdot \Delta T \cdot N$ inda N shine nau'i-nau'i biyu. Don nau'i-nau'i 127, $V_{oc} \approx 0.05 * 40 * 127 = 254V$ (buɗe kewayawa, mara amfani). Ainihin mafi girman ƙarfin lantarki na maki ƙarami ne.
Mataki na 3 - Lissafin Ƙarfi: Mafi girman ƙarfin fitarwa $P_{max} = (\alpha^2 \cdot \Delta T^2 \cdot N) / (4 \cdot R)$ inda R shine juriya na ciki. Ko da tare da lambobi masu kyau, $P_{max}$ sau da yawa <5W don irin wannan saitin.
Mataki na 4 - Binciken Farashi-Amana: Ƙara $50-$100 na TEG da kewayen wutar lantarki don dawo da <5W (ci gaban tsarin mai tasiri 3%) yana da lokacin biyan kuɗi wanda ya wuce tsawon rayuwar kayan. Wannan tsari yana gano shingen tattalin arziki da sauri.

6. Aikace-aikace na Gaba & Hanyoyi

Aikace-aikacen nan take yana iyakance ga tsarin musamman, mai daraja inda sake yin amfani da makamashi ya zama barata da farashi da rikitarwa, kamar a cikin haske mai nisa, wanda ba ya da layin wutar lantarki wanda batura ke kunna shi ko a cikin wuraren da aka rufe inda rage nauyin zafi yana da fa'ida biyu.

Hanyoyin bincike na gaba yakamata su mayar da hankali kan:

1. Kayan Thermoelectric na Ci Gaba: Haɗa manyan kayan ZT kamar nanostructured bismuth telluride ko sabbin polymers waɗanda ke aiki da inganci a ƙananan bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi.
2. Haɗin Kai Tsarin: Ƙira fakitin LED tare da haɗaɗɗun yadudduka na thermoelectric, tafiya daga na'urori masu zaman kansu, ƙari.
3. Haɗakar Tattara Makamashi: Haɗa canjin thermoelectric tare da wasu hanyoyi, kamar canza wani ɓangare na hasken LED kansa ta hanyar sel na photovoltaic don tsarin madauki na babban inganci.
4. Gudanar da Wutar Lantarki Mai Hikima: Haɓaka masu canza DC-DC masu ƙarancin asara musamman waɗanda aka ƙera don ɗaukar ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, mabambamcen fitarwa daga TEG don kunna LED na taimako ko cajin ma'ajiyar aiki cikin inganci.

7. Nassoshi

1. [1-6] Bincike daban-daban akan na'urorin Peltier don sanyaya LED (kamar yadda aka ambata a cikin PDF na asali).
2. Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka. (2023). Tsarin R&D na Hasken Ƙwaƙƙwaran Jiki. An samo daga energy.gov.
3. He, J., & Tritt, T. M. (2017). Ci gaba a cikin binciken kayan thermoelectric: Duba baya da ci gaba. Kimiyya, 357(6358).
4. Zhu, H., et al. (2022). Manyan kayan thermoelectric na kusa da yanayin zafi na ɗaki. Nature Reviews Materials, 7(6).
5. Bridgelux. Takardar Bayani ta BXRA-W3500. [8] a cikin PDF na asali.
6. COMSOL Multiphysics®. www.comsol.com.